ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam

Which antibody type is primarily involved in the body's response to allergens?

1. IgG

2. IgA

3. IgE

4. IgM

The correct answer is: IgE

The antibody type primarily involved in the body’s response to allergens is IgE. This specific immunoglobulin plays a crucial role in the immune system’s response to environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. When a person is exposed to an allergen, IgE antibodies bind to the allergen and trigger the release of histamines and other chemicals from mast cells and basophils. This process leads to the symptoms commonly associated with allergic reactions, such as itching, swelling, and bronchoconstriction. Understanding the function of IgE helps to clarify its importance in allergic reactions. Unlike other immunoglobulin types, which are involved in various immune responses (such as neutralizing pathogens or facilitating phagocytosis), IgE has a specialized role in defending against parasitic infections and mediating allergic responses. This distinguishes it from other antibodies like IgG, which predominates in the body’s response to viral infections, IgA, which is mainly found in mucosal areas and secretions, and IgM, which is the first antibody produced in response to an infection.